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Zapotec relief stones at Dainzú as well depict ball players wearing grilled helmets and in addition ‘knee guards’ and gauntlets.
I know that the players in these works of art typically wear a padded helmet or a vast feathered headdress, probably the latest being for ceremonial purposes usually.
Game Winners received trophies, a lot of which are excavated and comprise hachas and palmas.
Various trophies for game winners involve stone yokes and hand stones, mostly elaborately carved.
Palma was likewise most certainly a trophy or element of ceremonial costume worn by ball players. They are frequently represented in stone and could get arms form, hands, a player or a fan tailed bird. You see, the majority of trophies are frequently looked with success for in graves and have always been link reminders between the sport and underworld in Mesoamerican mythology. Now look, a hacha was a human representation head with a handle attached and was used as a trophy for a winning player, a piece of ceremonial equipment or as a marker in the court itself. Oftentimes el Tajín has a remarkable number of courts where they’ve been challenged to a ball game. Besides, Cantona Epiclassic city has an incredible 24 courts with at least 18 being contemporary.
Actually a foretaste of what should turned out to be general practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game, Losing the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head break. Surviving courts abound and always were spread across Mesoamerica. Now look, the walls will be perpendicular or sloping away from the players and the court ends going to be left open but defined using markers or, in various different layouts, a wall closed off the playing space to create a they shaped court. So, the court at Monte Albán, Oaxaca is usually a typical we example shaped court. Finally, courts were always a part of a city’s sacred precinct, a fact which supposes ball game was more than just a game. Later Preclassic playing courts were unsophisticated, ‘flattened earth’ rectangles but by Late Formative Period these evolved into more imposing areas which consisted of a flat rectangular surface set between 1 parallel stone walls.
Every side could’ve a great vertical stone ring set lofty into the wall. Court length could vary but the 60 m long court at Epiclassic El Tajín represents a typical size. Game was invented sometime in Preclassical Period, apparently by the Olmec, and turned out to be a regular Mesoamerican wide urban feature landscape by Classical Period. Game was even exported to various cultures in North America and Caribbean. Known story supports the idea that ball game was occasionally used for divination purposes. Nonetheless, motecuhzoma lost the game and did, for sure, lose his kingdom at the invaders hands from the old enough World. Ok, and now one of most vital parts. Recent had predicted that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was ‘setup’ to establish this truth bold prediction. In another legend, a famous ball game was held at Tenochtitlan Aztec capital between Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin and the king of Texcoco.
As games mostly had a spiritual significance losing captain team, or on occasion the whole team, were sacrificed to gods.
Such scenes have been depicted in decorative sculpture on the courts themselves, possibly most famously on the South ball court at El Tajín and at Chichén Itzá, where one relief panel shows 1 6 teams players with one player having been decapitated.
When defeated in real game, the Classic Maya even invented a parallel game where captives, were tied up and used as balls themselves and unceremoniously rolled down a flight of steps. Another ominous macabre indicator turn that this sporting event could make is always tzompantli presence rendered in stone carvings near the ball courts.
As measuring anywhere from ten to 30 cm in diameter and weighing from 500 g to five kg, ball will be a lethal weapon in itself it could readily break bones.
Remarkably, 7 rubber balls are preserved in El bogs Manatí near Olmec city of San Lorenzo.
These balls range from eight to 25 cm in diameter and date from between 1600 and 1200 BCE. Then the flat court surface oftentimes has 4 big circular stone markers set in a line down court length. With all that said…
Alternatively, ball may have represented another heavenly body like the moon and court was world. Some amount of these markers from Maya sites have a quatrefoil cartouche indicating underworld entrance which has led to speculation that the game may have symbolised sun movement through the underworld any night. Then, this was more complex than it seems as players could not use their hands.